Research

What we measure. What the field knows.

Our own results as they accrue, and a curated, annotated index of published work on self‑learning agents — one place for the state of the field, and where each line of work stops short of the multi‑principal problem.

Papers indexed0annotated — growing as the field does
Our notes published0two in preparation — published when they’re results
KB articles maintained0true by construction — the review loop is the documentation

Ours

Published when they’re results. Not before.

Measuring now

First‑pass acceptance rate per agent and per part · feedback events to durable behaviour · calibration error of the confidence score against reviewer decisions · routing accuracy — did the review reach the right domain owner.

First notes — in preparation

A method note on part‑level feedback attribution, and a design note on authority weighting from observed review behaviour. Both publish here, with data, when the beta cohort gives us enough events to say something honest.

Why publish at all

Because the claim is a standard, and standards earn trust in the open. Methods, distributions, and negative results included — a curve that flattens is a finding, not a marketing problem.

The field · annotated index

Where each line of work stops.

Short original annotations, not abstracts. Where it stops marks the boundary our programme starts from: almost everything below assumes a single, homogeneous source of feedback.

Ouyang et al. · 2022 · OpenAI · RLHF / InstructGPT

Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

The field’s default recipe: collect human preferences, train a reward model, optimise against it. Nearly every deployed assistant descends from this loop.

Where it stops: Annotators are aggregated into one preference signal; disagreement is treated as noise to average away, not information about who knows what.

Bai et al. · 2022 · Anthropic · Constitutional AI

Constitutional AI: harmlessness from AI feedback

Replaces some human feedback with feedback generated against an explicit written constitution — principles as a supervision source.

Where it stops: One constitution for everyone. No notion of a principle carrying more weight because of whose domain it governs.

Shinn et al. · 2023 · NeurIPS · Reflexion

Reflexion: language agents with verbal reinforcement learning

Agents improve across attempts by writing self‑reflections into an episodic memory — learning without weight updates, from their own trajectory.

Where it stops: The critic is the agent itself or a task signal. No human in the loop, no authority, no reasons from a reviewer.

Madaan et al. · 2023 · NeurIPS · Self‑Refine

Self‑Refine: iterative refinement with self‑feedback

A single model drafts, critiques, and revises its own output — strong evidence that structured critique improves results even when the critic is the author.

Where it stops: Self‑critique inherits the author’s blind spots. It can polish an answer; it can’t tell the agent its diagnosis was wrong.

Wang et al. · 2023 · Voyager

Voyager: an open‑ended embodied agent with large language models

A lifelong‑learning agent that accumulates a growing, reusable skill library — the clearest demonstration that agent capability can compound over time.

Where it stops: The environment is the only teacher. Success is unambiguous and automatic — nothing like a support lead and a finance lead who disagree.

Park et al. · 2023 · UIST · Generative Agents

Generative agents: interactive simulacra of human behavior

Memory streams, retrieval, and periodic reflection produce believable long‑horizon behaviour — the reference architecture for agent memory.

Where it stops: Memory is an archive of experience, not a ledger of judgments. Nothing in it is weighted by who taught the agent what.

Packer et al. · 2023 · MemGPT

MemGPT: towards LLMs as operating systems

Treats context as a memory hierarchy the model manages itself — paging knowledge in and out. The mechanics of persistence, done properly.

Where it stops: It answers how to store, not what deserves storing or whose judgment made it true. A spec‑shaped gap.

Sorensen et al. · 2024 · ICML · Pluralistic alignment

A roadmap to pluralistic alignment

Argues directly that aligning to one averaged human preference is a mistake, and maps ways a system could serve genuinely different values.

Where it stops: Framed at the level of populations and values. The team‑scale version — named colleagues with domain authority, resolved per decision — is open. It’s the version we’re running.

Conitzer et al. · 2024 · ICML · Social choice

Social choice should guide AI alignment in dealing with diverse human feedback

Brings voting theory to RLHF: when humans disagree, aggregation is a social‑choice problem with known impossibility results, not an averaging step.

Where it stops: Aggregation still assumes the principals are peers. Weighting by domain authority — where disagreement is often not a tie to break but a hierarchy to respect — is unexplored.

Wang et al. · 2024 · Agent Workflow Memory

Agent workflow memory

Induces reusable workflows from an agent’s successful trajectories and feeds them back — procedural memory that measurably improves web‑task success.

Where it stops: “Successful” is defined by task completion. No human ever says why a workflow was right, so the memory can’t distinguish a good habit from a lucky one.

Suggest a paper. The index aims to be the single current place for work on self‑learning agents. If we’ve missed something — including your own — send it with one line on where it fits.